Install JDK, Tomcat and Axis2 on Ubuntu

Previously, I deployed all java related stuff on my windows machine. Now, I would like to deploy on linux.

My environment:

Operating System: Ubuntu 6.06.1 LTS f

JDK 6 installation

In Ubuntu, an open source Java environment has been included. It is Gcj(http://gcc.gnu.org/java/). It is a GNU project. However, I prefer Sun JDK.
(1) download and install Sun JDK 1.6

Ubuntu is a branch of Debian, so it naturally inherits the great package management tool -- apt-get. It is an easy job to install packages on Ubuntu.
First, you should add "universe" and "multiverse" repositories to your /etc/apt/sources.list file. Then, execute following command:
   sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdkBy default, it will be installed to /usr/lib/jvm/.

(2) configure it

Because now we have two Java compilers/interpreters installed, to make it work in the way I expect configuration is a must. In directory /usr/lib/jvm/, there are several *.jinfo files which contains information about installed jdk/jre packages. You can change jdk/jre alternatives by using command:update-java-alternatives.   
   sudo update-java-alternatives -l  //list all available jre/jdk installations
   sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-6-sun  //set sun's jdk to be used

Or, you can use:
   sudo update-alternatives --config java
Then a list of available jdk/jre installations is displayed. In my case, it is:

There are 3 alternatives which provide `java'.

  Selection    Alternative
-----------------------------------------------
          1    /usr/bin/gij-wrapper-4.1
 +        2    /usr/lib/jvm/java-gcj/jre/bin/java
*         3    /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/jre/bin/java

Press enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 

Then, set environment vaiable. Add following two lines:  
   JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun"

to file /etc/environment.

(3) test

Type:
javac -version
java -version
to see whether your configuration works.

Install Tomcat 5.5

(1) Download and install

sudo apt-get install tomcat5.5 tomcat5.5-admin tomcat5.5-webapps
Note: here I installed three packages. Tomcat 5.5 contains basic implementation of Servlet and JSP specifications. Tomcat 5.5-admin contains two web-based management interface. Tomcat 5.5-webapps contains documents and some sample web applications.

(2)Configure

I installed webapps and admin.
Set CATALINA_HOME environmen variable. In my case, CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/tomcat5.5.
The example apps are installed to "/usr/share/tomcat5.5/webapps/".
Global configuration files (server.xml and web.xml) are located in "/etc/tomcat5.5".
To make use of the web-based management tool, you need an account. You can set up your account by modifying file /usr/share/tomcat5.5/conf/tomcat-users.xml. Add the following line:
   <user username="username"  password="password" roles="manager,admin" />
Then, restart tomcat
   sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 restart

Note: "admin" and "manger" are two different roles.

(3)Start/Stop server

Script used to start/stop tomcat server is /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5.

sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 start

sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 stop

sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 restart

sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 force-reload

sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 status

However, you had better use script in directory /usr/share/tomcat5.5/bin/. I guess /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 is intended to be used internally.

      /usr/shar/share/tomcat5.5/bin/startup.sh

      /usr/shar/share/tomcat5.5/bin/shutdown.sh

(4)Test

Tomcat by default listens to port 8180. In windows, it listens to 8080. Strange...
You can visit http://localhost:8180 to check whether your installation succeeds.

(5) Deploy your own web app

Your application should be put into directory "/usr/share/tomcat5.5/webapps/". You can use a .war file or just regular file system tree.

Problem:
   After installing Tomcat 5.5, I typed http://localhost:8180 to do test. Everything seemed to work well -- management, administration ... However, when I tried the JSP example at http://156.56.104.196:8180/jsp-examples/, error occurred!
Error message is:

HTTP Status 500 -

---

type Exception

type Exception report

message

description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to load class for JSP
 org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext.load(JspCompilationContext.java:598)
 org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.getServlet(JspServletWrapper.java:147)
 org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:315)
 org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:314)
 org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:264)
 javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)

root cause
......

I made sure that all related .jar files were positioned correctly. What was weird was that servlet example could run correctly while JSP example always incurred error. I wrote a simple JSP file:
   <% out.println("Hello,world"); %>
After deploying it, I found that it worked!!!

Solution
After search by Google, finally I found this page http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=693082&messageID=4028997 which gave solution. The reason is incorrect configuration in Tomcat 5.5 distribution!!! I repeat the solution simply here:
Edit /usr/share/tomcat5.5/webapps/jsp-example/WEB-INF/tagPlugins.xml.
Original one is:

<tag-plugins>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.IfTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.If</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.ChooseTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.Choose</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.WhenTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.When</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.OtherwiseTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.Otherwise</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForEachTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.ForEach</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
</tag-plugins>

Note, those orange lines are not correct!! Altered copy is:

<tag-plugins>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.IfTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.If</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.ChooseTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.Choose</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.WhenTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.When</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.OtherwiseTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.Otherwise</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
  <tag-plugin>
    <tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForEachTag</tag-class>
    <plugin-class>org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.ForEach</plugin-class>
  </tag-plugin>
</tag-plugins>

Install Axis2 1.3 in Tomcat 5.5

(1) Download Axis2 1.3 Release
I chose to download .war file which would be deployed in tomcat 5.5
Command:
   wget http://www.eng.lsu.edu/mirrors/apache/ws/axis2/1_3/axis2-1.3-war.zip
(2) Deploy axis2.
Copy the downloaded axis2.war to /usr/share/tomcat5.5/webapps/. Then restart Tomcat. Tomcat automatically extracts and deploys the .war file.
(3) Test
Go to http://localhost:8180/axis2/. You should see the welcome page of Axis2.
Axis2 provides a user-friendly web-based interface to view all available services, validate the installation, upload new service (actually what are uploaded are .aar files)...

Standard binary distribution of Axis2 1.3

In fact, if you want to develop web service by using Axis2, you should download standard binary distribution which contains complete version of Axis2.
The most important part of Axis2 are those tools under directory bin. These tools include axis2.sh/axis2.bat, axis2server.bat/axis2server.sh, java2wsdl.bat/java2wsdl.sh, wsdl2java.sh/wsdl2.bat.  I described usage of these tools in my last post.